GHK-Cu amounts in published tests
The units describe what researchers put into a particular system. Culture medium, a scalp preparation and a scaffold coating are different systems.
Concentrations by test system
I read a concentration together with the material it entered. The figures below report study conditions; they offer no human dose recommendation or personal schedule.
| Study system | Material and concentration | What was measured |
|---|---|---|
| Fibroblasts in culture | GHK-Cu, 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁹ M | Collagen synthesis began between 10⁻¹² and 10⁻¹¹ M and peaked near 10⁻⁹ M. |
| Human scalp trial | ALAVAX, a 5-aminolevulinic acid + GHK complex, 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL | Hair-count changes over six months in 45 men. |
| Human stem/stromal cells in gel | GHK-modified alginate; tested 1–500 ng/mL range | Trophic-factor secretion and cell viability in vitro. |
| Scaffold coating | 1 mM GHK-Cu coating solution | Human fibroblast viability and antibacterial activity in vitro. |
The molar units count chemical entities in a volume; milligrams per millilitre give a mass per volume. A coating solution also leaves the question of what remained on the material. Converting between units would leave the biological differences intact. A universal GHK-Cu amount founders on the differences between the experiments.
Blood clearance and skin retention
The rat plasma study found rapid metabolism of free GHK to histidyl-lysine. The human skin-sample experiment measured copper retained in skin over 48 hours. Each describes a different substance or form in a different compartment.
Neither provides a validated human pharmacokinetic half-life for injected GHK-Cu. A personal schedule calculated from those two observations would outrun their evidence. The mechanism discussion gives the chemical distinctions more room, while effects and safety covers the systemic questions.
Topical and systemic research
Human evidence reviewed for GHK-Cu is concentrated in small topical skin studies and the GHK-containing scalp trial. Animal studies have used routes including intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage and intranasal administration; a result by one route cannot settle delivery by another.
The source record contains no completed Phase 2 or Phase 3 systemic GHK-Cu trial. CuHeal is a registered topical wound study, with no results supplied here. Research on delivery and chemical form remains more substantial than the evidence for any general systemic regimen.